Introduction

In the ancient science of yoga, purification is seen as the very first step on the path to spiritual awakening. Before diving into powerful practices like pranayama, meditation, and asana, the yogic texts recommend a thorough cleansing of the body and mind. This is where the traditional system of Shatkarma comes in—a foundational component of Hatha Yoga. But what exactly are the types of Shatkarma and why are they still relevant in today’s modern wellness landscape? Let’s explore these powerful techniques that go far beyond physical health, creating harmony between body, mind, and spirit.

What Is Shatkarma?

Shatkarma (or Shatkriya) is a Sanskrit term meaning “six actions”. These six actions are ancient yogic cleansing techniques designed to purify the body’s internal systems. Originating from traditional Hatha Yoga, they are mentioned in classical texts like the Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Gheranda Samhita.

The types of Shatkarma are not just about detox—they prepare the body to handle higher energies, clear the mind of distractions, and make the practitioner more receptive to meditation and spiritual growth.

The 6 Types of Shatkarma

Each of the six Shatkarmas targets a specific internal system, making them a complete holistic detox for the human body and psyche.

1. Neti – Nasal Cleansing

Neti is used to purify the nasal passages.

• Jala Neti (using warm saline water and a neti pot) is the most commonly practiced form.

• Sutra Neti involves the use of a soft thread.

Benefits: Clears sinuses, reduces allergies, and improves breathing—essential for deep pranayama practice.

2. Dhauti – Cleansing of the Digestive Tract

Dhauti cleans the upper digestive system, including the stomach and esophagus.

• Vamana Dhauti involves drinking warm salt water and vomiting it to clear the stomach.

• Vastra Dhauti uses a cloth strip swallowed and withdrawn to clean the esophagus.

Benefits: Improves digestion, removes toxins, and alleviates acidity.

3. Nauli – Abdominal Massage

Nauli involves the churning of abdominal muscles to stimulate and massage internal organs.

Benefits: Strengthens the digestive system, balances hormones, and increases energy.

4. Basti – Colon Cleansing

Also known as yogic enema, Basti purifies the colon by introducing water into the lower digestive tract.

Benefits: Clears constipation, improves digestion, and detoxifies the intestines.

5. Kapalabhati – Frontal Brain Cleansing

Kapalabhati is a dynamic breathing practice involving forceful exhalations and passive inhalations.

Benefits: Energizes the brain, clears mental fog, and enhances oxygen flow—great for mental clarity and vitality.

6. Trataka – Concentrated Gazing

Trataka involves fixed gazing at a small object, such as a candle flame, without blinking.

Benefits: Strengthens the eyes, sharpens focus, and calms the mind—preparing it for meditation.

Why Are Shatkarmas Important?

The types of Shatkarma serve both physical and spiritual purposes:

• Physical detoxification: Removes waste and toxins from various systems

• Mental purification: Reduces stress, anxiety, and negative thinking

• Energetic balance: Opens blockages in the pranic (energy) body

• Spiritual readiness: Prepares the practitioner for deeper states of awareness

When practiced regularly and with proper guidance, Shatkarmas build a strong foundation for any yoga journey.

Learn Shatkarma in a Yoga Ashram

While some basic Shatkarmas like Neti and Kapalabhati can be practiced at home, others—like Dhauti and Nauli—should be learned in a traditional yoga ashram or under expert supervision. In places like Rishikesh, the yoga capital of India, Shatkarma is taught as part of authentic Hatha Yoga training.

Benefits of Practicing Shatkarma in an Ashram:

• Qualified guidance for safety and effectiveness

• Sattvic (pure) lifestyle that supports deep cleansing

• Spiritual atmosphere that enhances inner focus and mindfulness

• Structured routine that incorporates asana, pranayama, and meditation

Ashrams like Om Shanti Om Yoga School, Sivananda Ashram, and Parmarth Niketan in Rishikesh offer immersive programs where Shatkarma is integrated into daily life—allowing for profound transformation on every level.

Om Shanti. Purify. Prepare. Practice.
Take the first step in your yogic journey—cleanse deeply, and grow infinitely.