https://www.duplexstainlessste....elpipes.com/the-role
Nickel is a versatile ferromagnetic metal (density 8.9 g/cm³, melting point 1455°C) that crucially enhances stainless steel’s properties. Its primary functions include:

1. Stabilizing austenitic microstructure (8-10% Ni in 304/316 grades), enabling superior ductility and cryogenic performance
2. Synergistically improving corrosion resistance with chromium – particularly against chlorides, acids, and stress corrosion cracking
3. In duplex stainless steels (4-6.5% Ni), carefully balancing austenite/ferrite phases to combine high strength with excellent SCC resistance
4. Enabling specialized applications through work hardening (springs/fasteners) and high-temperature stability (superalloys)
The article highlights nickel’s importance in pipe manufacturing, where grades like 316L (marine/chemical) and duplex 2205 (offshore oil/gas) leverage these properties. Global nickel resources are dominated by laterite deposits, with Cuba holding the world’s largest reserves (1,800M tonnes). Beyond stainless steel, nickel is vital for batteries, catalysts, plating, and magnetic alloys.