Digital transformation technologies in the chemical supply chain can reduce costs in the following ways:

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning:
   - AI and machine learning can reduce costs by automating complex decision-making processes. For instance, in supply chain management, AI can analyze vast amounts of data to dynamically adjust inventory levels and production plans. By accurately predicting demand patterns and optimizing order fulfillment, companies can minimize inventory carrying costs and stockouts, thereby reducing expenses and improving customer satisfaction.

2. Cloud Computing:
   - Cloud services help businesses save costs by reducing upfront and ongoing operational expenses. Compared to traditional physical hardware, software licensing, and data center investments, cloud services have lower upfront costs and, due to a shared or "multi-tenant" setup, hardware and software licensing costs are usually lower than those of standalone deployments. Additionally, cloud service providers take care of maintenance, software updates, support, and security, reducing the need for in-house personnel in these areas.

3. Internet of Things (IoT):
   - IoT devices and smart sensors can be used for real-time monitoring and data collection, improving efficiency, and reducing waste. By optimizing operations, companies can reduce unnecessary inventory and associated costs.

4. Digital Twin Technology:
   - Digital twins create virtual replicas of physical assets and processes, allowing manufacturers to simulate and test various scenarios without disrupting actual operations. This technology helps optimize plant design and validate process changes, reducing costs and risks associated with implementation.

5. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR):
   - AR and VR technologies can be used for training and remote assistance, enhancing worker productivity and safety. These technologies can reduce training costs and improve operational efficiency.

6. Advanced Analytics Tools:
   - By analyzing large amounts of data from various sources (such as sales data, customer feedback, and market trends), AI can provide real-time insights and recommendations, helping businesses optimize pricing strategies, identify cost-saving opportunities, and improve overall profitability.

7. Automation and Robotics:
   - Automation technologies can streamline manufacturing processes, improve accuracy, and enhance safety. Robotics can be used for material handling, packaging, and quality control, reducing labor costs and increasing efficiency.

Through the application of these technologies, the chemical supply chain can achieve significant cost reductions while improving efficiency and the ability to respond to market changes.