Enzalutamide is an oral medication primarily used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Known for its ability to block the action of testosterone (and other androgens) on prostate cancer cells, enzalutamide is a key therapy option in managing castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). While prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, treatment options like enzalutamide have proven effective in improving patient outcomes. In this blog, we’ll dive into what enzalutamide 40 mg is, how it works, its uses, side effects, and important considerations for those taking the medication.

What is Enzalutamide?

Enzalutamide is a type of anti-androgen therapy, which means it blocks the effects of male hormones (androgens), such as testosterone, which promote the growth of prostate cancer cells. Enzalutamide is marketed under the brand name Bdenza and was developed as a treatment for advanced prostate cancer, particularly for those with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Unlike traditional hormone therapy (which reduces the amount of testosterone in the body), enzalutamide works by preventing testosterone from binding to androgen receptors on prostate cancer cells. This effectively blocks the signaling that would otherwise stimulate the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

How Does Enzalutamide Work?

Enzalutamide is a potent androgen receptor inhibitor. Androgens like testosterone play a crucial role in the growth of prostate cancer. Normally, testosterone and other androgens bind to androgen receptors on prostate cancer cells, triggering a chain of events that leads to cancer cell growth.

Enzalutamide 160 mg works by binding to these androgen receptors and inhibiting their activation. This prevents testosterone and other androgens from binding to the receptors, thus stopping the cancer cells from receiving the signals they need to grow and divide. It also helps prevent prostate cancer cells from adapting to low levels of testosterone, which can happen with some other treatments.

By blocking androgen receptor activity, enzalutamide reduces cancer cell growth, which can help control the disease and alleviate symptoms associated with advanced prostate cancer.

Uses of Enzalutamide Capsules

Enzalutamide is primarily prescribed for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This is a form of prostate cancer that continues to grow despite the reduction of testosterone levels in the body, typically following hormone therapy (surgical castration or medication to reduce testosterone). Enzalutamide can be used in various situations, including:

1. Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC): Enzalutamide is commonly used for men with mCRPC, which refers to prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate gland to other parts of the body. Even when testosterone levels are low, cancer cells can still grow and spread. Enzalutamide helps manage this advanced disease by preventing androgen receptors from being activated.

2. Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: For patients whose prostate cancer has not yet spread but is resistant to hormone therapy, enzalutamide may be used to delay the progression of the disease and prolong the patient’s survival.

3. In Combination with Other Treatments: In some cases, enzalutamide may be used in combination with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy or other hormone therapies to achieve better outcomes.

How to Take Enzalutamide

Enzalutamide capsules are taken orally, usually once a day. The typical dosage is 160 mg per day, which equals four 40 mg capsules. It’s important to follow the prescribing healthcare provider’s instructions carefully and take the medication at the same time each day to ensure the best results.

Enzalutamide should be taken with or without food, but it is essential to swallow the capsules whole. Do not open, chew, or crush the capsules, as doing so could increase the risk of side effects or alter the effectiveness of the medication.

Enzalutamide Price and Enzalutamide Generic Price

As with many cancer treatments, Enzalutamide price can be a significant consideration for patients and their families. The price of brand-name Xtandi can be quite high, with costs reaching several thousand dollars per month. On average, the Enzalutamide price can range from $8,000 to $10,000 for a month’s supply, depending on the region and pharmacy.

For those seeking more affordable options, Enzalutamide generic price is an important factor. Generic medications often offer the same benefits at a lower cost, and the generic version of enzalutamide is typically priced much lower than the branded version. The Enzalutamide generic price may be reduced by as much as 60-80%, making it a more accessible option for many patients. However, prices can vary depending on location, insurance coverage, and local pharmacies, so it’s important for patients to explore all available options and discuss cost concerns with their healthcare provider.

Side Effects of Enzalutamide

Like any medication, enzalutamide can cause side effects. While many individuals tolerate the drug well, some may experience more severe reactions. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider if any unusual symptoms occur during treatment. Below are some of the potential side effects of enzalutamide:

Common Side Effects

1. Fatigue: Many patients report feeling tired or weak, especially during the initial stages of treatment.
2. Hot Flashes: Similar to other treatments for prostate cancer, hot flashes (a sudden feeling of warmth, often accompanied by sweating) are a frequent side effect.
3. Diarrhea: Digestive issues, including diarrhea, can occur in some individuals.
4. Joint Pain and Muscle Pain: Aches and pains in the muscles and joints are commonly reported.
5. Decreased Appetite: Some people taking enzalutamide may experience a loss of appetite or changes in taste.

Serious Side Effects

1. Seizures: Seizures are a rare but serious side effect of enzalutamide. If a patient experiences a seizure, they should immediately contact their healthcare provider.
2. Heart Problems: Some individuals may experience heart-related side effects, such as high blood pressure or irregular heart rhythms. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and heart function is necessary during treatment.
3. Liver Damage: Liver function should be monitored regularly, as enzalutamide can cause liver toxicity in some cases.
4. Falling Risk: Because enzalutamide can cause dizziness or weakness, patients may be at a higher risk of falling, especially in the elderly.

Patients should report any unusual symptoms or side effects to their healthcare provider immediately, as early intervention can help minimize potential complications.

Precautions and Considerations

Before starting enzalutamide, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider about any other health conditions you may have, especially if you have a history of seizures, heart disease, liver problems, or any other medical concerns. It is also critical to inform them about any other medications or supplements you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.

Enzalutamide may interact with other medications, including:

• Blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
• Antifungal medications (e.g., ketoconazole)
• Anticonvulsants (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin)
• Certain antibiotics (e.g., rifampin)

Because enzalutamide can cause seizures in rare instances, patients who have a history of seizures or other neurological conditions should be monitored closely. If a seizure occurs, enzalutamide should be discontinued, and the healthcare provider will determine an appropriate course of action.

Enzalutamide should not be used in women or children. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy due to the potential for harm to a developing fetus. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking enzalutamide, they should contact their healthcare provider immediately.

Monitoring During Treatment

Patients taking enzalutamide will require regular follow-up visits with their healthcare provider to monitor the drug’s effectiveness and identify any potential side effects. Blood tests may be conducted to evaluate liver function, blood cell counts, and hormone levels. Additionally, healthcare providers will monitor for any signs of cancer progression or adverse reactions.

Conclusion

Enzalutamide is an important medication in the management of advanced prostate cancer, particularly castration-resistant prostate cancer. It works by blocking androgen receptors and preventing testosterone from stimulating cancer growth. While it can be highly effective, like all treatments, it comes with potential side effects and requires careful monitoring. Patients should communicate openly with their healthcare provider and report any side effects promptly.

The Enzalutamide price can be a barrier for some, but the availability of generic options provides a more affordable alternative with similar efficacy. By understanding how enzalutamide works, its potential side effects, and the importance of following prescribed dosages, individuals can make informed decisions about their treatment plan and take steps to improve their outcomes in managing prostate cancer.